LaTeX Math Symbols -http://web.ift.uib.no/Teori/KURS/WRK/TeX/symALL.html

LaTeX Math Symbols

Prepared by L. Kocbach, on the basis of this document (origin: David Carlisle, Manchester University)

File A.tex contains all necessary code
This file is prepared by running
latex A.tex
and cutting the pictures out of the resulting preview. Relevant parts of the latex code are reproduced under each of the pictures.
Some of the symbols have an explanatory text. This text is found in the latex code, mostly stating that they are parts of some spacial setup and cannot be used in standard LaTeX. Each of the figures also has a link to itself.

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Greek Letters

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t1.gif

 \alpha               \theta               o                  \tau          
 \beta                \vartheta           \pi                 \upsilon      
 \gamma               \gamma              \varpi              \phi          
 \delta               \kappa              \rho                \varphi       
 \epsilon             \lambda             \varrho             \chi          
 \varepsilon          \mu                 \sigma              \psi          
 \zeta                \nu                 \varsigma           \omega        
 \eta                 \xi                                           
                                                                 
 \Gamma               \Lambda             \Sigma              \Psi          
 \Delta               \Xi                 \Upsilon            \Omega        
 \Theta               \Pi                 \Phi

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Binary Operation Symbols

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t2.gif

 \pm                  \cap                \diamond                    \oplus      
 \mp                  \cup                \bigtriangleup              \ominus     
 \times               \uplus              \bigtriangledown            \otimes     
 \div                 \sqcap              \triangleleft               \oslash     
 \ast                 \sqcup              \triangleright              \odot       
 \star                \vee                \lhd$^b$                    \bigcirc    
 \circ                \wedge              \rhd$^b$                    \dagger     
 \bullet              \setminus           \unlhd$^b$                  \ddagger    
 \cdot                \wr                 \unrhd$^b$                  \amalg      
 +                    -

$^b$ Not predefined in a format based on {\tt basefont.tex}.
     Use one of the style options 
     {\tt oldlfont}, {\tt newlfont}, {\tt amsfonts} or {\tt amssymb}.

Relation Symbols

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t3.gif

 \leq                 \geq                \equiv              \models       
 \prec                \succ               \sim                \perp         
 \preceq              \succeq             \simeq              \mid          
 \ll                  \gg                 \asymp              \parallel     
 \subset              \supset             \approx             \bowtie       
 \subseteq            \supseteq           \cong               \Join$^b$     
 \sqsubset$^b$        \sqsupset$^b$       \neq                \smile        
 \sqsubseteq          \sqsupseteq         \doteq              \frown        
 \in                  \ni                 \propto             =             
 \vdash               \dashv              <                   >             
 :

$^b$ Not predefined in a format based on {\tt basefont.tex}.
     Use one of the style options 
     {\tt oldlfont}, {\tt newlfont}, {\tt amsfonts} or {\tt amssymb}.

Punctuation Symbols

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t4.gif

 ,            ;           \colon              \ldotp              \cdotp

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Arrow Symbols

t5.gif

 \leftarrow                   \longleftarrow              \uparrow      
 \Leftarrow                   \Longleftarrow              \Uparrow      
 \rightarrow                  \longrightarrow             \downarrow    
 \Rightarrow                  \Longrightarrow             \Downarrow    
 \leftrightarrow              \longleftrightarrow         \updownarrow  
 \Leftrightarrow              \Longleftrightarrow         \Updownarrow  
 \mapsto                      \longmapsto                 \nearrow      
 \hookleftarrow               \hookrightarrow             \searrow      
 \leftharpoonup               \rightharpoonup             \swarrow      
 \leftharpoondown             \rightharpoondown           \nwarrow      
 \rightleftharpoons           \leadsto$^b$

$^b$ Not predefined in a format based on {\tt basefont.tex}.
     Use one of the style options 
     {\tt oldlfont}, {\tt newlfont}, {\tt amsfonts} or {\tt amssymb}.

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Miscellaneous Symbols

t6.gif

 \ldots               \cdots              \vdots              \ddots        
 \aleph               \prime              \forall             \infty        
 \hbar                \emptyset           \exists             \Box$^b$      
 \imath               \nabla              \neg                \Diamond$^b$  
 \jmath               \surd               \flat               \triangle     
 \ell                 \top                \natural            \clubsuit     
 \wp                  \bot                \sharp              \diamondsuit  
 \Re                  \|                  \backslash          \heartsuit    
 \Im                  \angle              \partial            \spadesuit    
 \mho$^b$             .                   |

$^b$ Not predefined in a format based on {\tt basefont.tex}.
     Use one of the style options 
     {\tt oldlfont}, {\tt newlfont}, {\tt amsfonts} or {\tt amssymb}.

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Variable-sized Symbols

t7.gif

 \sum                 \bigcap             \bigodot      
 \prod                \bigcup             \bigotimes    
 \coprod              \bigsqcup           \bigoplus     
 \int                 \bigvee             \biguplus     
 \oint                \bigwedge

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Log-like Symbols

t8.gif

 \arccos     \cos       \csc      \exp      \ker         \limsup      \min      \sinh  
 \arcsin     \cosh      \deg      \gcd      \lg          \ln       \Pr       \sup   
 \arctan     \cot       \det      \hom      \lim         \log       \sec      \tan   
 \arg        \coth      \dim      \inf      \liminf      \max       \sin      \tanh

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Delimiters

t9.gif

 (                    )                   \uparrow            \Uparrow      
 [                    ]                   \downarrow          \Downarrow    
 \{                   \}                  \updownarrow        \Updownarrow  
 \lfloor              \rfloor             \lceil              \rceil        
 \langle              \rangle             /                   \backslash    
 |                    \|

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Large Delimiters

t10.gif

  \rmoustache        \lmoustache         \rgroup            \lgroup 
  \arrowvert         \Arrowvert          \bracevert

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Math mode accents

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t11.gif

 \hat{a}            \acute{a}         \bar{a}           \dot{a}           \breve{a} 
 \check{a}          \grave{a}         \vec{a}           \ddot{a}          \tilde{a} 

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Some other constructions

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t12.gif

 \widetilde{abc}                     \widehat{abc}
 \overleftarrow{abc}                 \overrightarrow{abc}
 \overline{abc}                      \underline{abc}
 \overbrace{abc}                     \underbrace{abc}
 \sqrt{abc}                          \sqrt[n]{abc}
 $f'$                                \frac{abc}{xyz}

LaTeX symbols at-http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Wiki/index.php/LaTeX:Symbols

LaTeX:Symbols

LaTeX

About - LaTeX on AoPS - Downloads - Basics - Math - Examples - Pictures - Layout - Symbols - Commands - Packages - Help

This article will provide a short list of commonly used LaTeX symbols.

Contents [hide] 1 Operators 2 Relations 3 Greek Letters 4 Headline text 5 Arrows 6 Dots 7 Accents 8 Others 9 Command Symbols 10 European Language Symbols 11 Bracketing Symbols 12 Multi-Size Symbols 13 Examples 14 See Also

Operators

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
	\pm		\mp		\times
	\div		\cdot		\ast
	\star		\dagger		\ddagger
	\amalg		\cap		\cup
	\uplus		\sqcap		\sqcup
	\vee		\wedge		\oplus
	\ominus		\otimes		\circ
	\bullet		\diamond		\lhd
	\rhd		\unlhd		\unrhd
	\oslash		\odot		\bigcirc
	\triangleleft		\Diamond		\bigtriangleup
	\bigtriangledown		\Box		\triangleright
	\setminus		\wr		\sqrt{x}
	x^{\circ}

Relations

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
	\le		\ge		\neq
	\sim		\ll		\gg
	\doteq		\simeq		\subset
	\supset		\approx		\asymp
	\subseteq		\supseteq		\cong
	\smile		\sqsubset		\sqsupset
	\equiv		\frown		\sqsubseteq
	\sqsupseteq		\propto		\bowtie
	\in		\ni		\prec
	\succ		\vdash		\dashv
	\preceq		\succeq		\models
	\perp		\parallel		\|
	\mid

Negations of many of these relations can be formed by just putting \not before the symbol, or by slipping an n between the \ and the word. Here are a few examples, plus a few other negations; it works for many of the others as well.

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
	\nmid		\nleq		\ngeq
	\nsim		\ncong		\nparallel
	\not<		\not>		\not=
	\not\le		\not\ge		\not\sim
	\not\approx		\not\cong		\not\equiv
	\not\parallel		\nless		\ngtr
	\lneq		\gneq		\lnsim
	\lneqq		\gneqq

To use other relations not listed here, such as =, >, and <, in LaTeX, you may just use the symbols on your keyboard.

Greek Letters

Lowercase Letters

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
	\alpha		\beta		\gamma		\delta
	\epsilon		\varepsilon		\zeta		\eta
	\theta		\vartheta		\iota		\kappa
	\lambda		\mu		\nu		\xi
	\pi		\varpi		\rho		\varrho
	\sigma		\varsigma		\tau		\upsilon
	\phi		\varphi		\chi		\psi
	\omega

Capital Letters

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
	\Gamma		\Delta		\Theta		\Lambda
	\Xi		\Pi		\Sigma		\Upsilon
	\Phi		\Psi		\Omega

Headline text

Arrows

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
	\gets		\to
	\leftarrow		\Leftarrow
	\rightarrow		\Rightarrow
	\leftrightarrow		\Leftrightarrow
	\mapsto		\hookleftarrow
	\leftharpoonup		\leftharpoondown
	\rightleftharpoons		\longleftarrow
	\Longleftarrow		\longrightarrow
	\Longrightarrow		\longleftrightarrow
	\Longleftrightarrow		\longmapsto
	\hookrightarrow		\rightharpoonup
	\rightharpoondown		\leadsto
	\uparrow		\Uparrow
	\downarrow		\Downarrow
	\updownarrow		\Updownarrow
	\nearrow		\searrow
	\swarrow		\nwarrow

(For those of you who hate typing long strings of letters, \iff and \implies can be used in place of \Longleftrightarrow and \Longrightarrow respectively.)

Dots

Accents

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
	\hat{x}		\check{x}		\dot{x}
	\breve{x}		\acute{x}		\ddot{x}
	\grave{x}		\tilde{x}		\mathring{x}
	\bar{x}		\vec{x}

When applying accents to i and j, you can use \imath and \jmath to keep the dots from interfering with the accents:

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
	\vec{\jmath}		\tilde{\imath}

\tilde and \hat have wide versions that allow you to accent an expression:

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
	\widehat{3+x}		\widetilde{abc}

Others

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
	\infty		\triangle		\angle
	\aleph		\hbar		\imath
	\jmath		\ell		\wp
	\Re		\Im		\mho
	\prime		\emptyset		\nabla
	\surd		\partial		\top
	\bot		\vdash		\dashv
	\forall		\exists		\neg
	\flat		\natural		\sharp
	\backslash		\Box		\Diamond
	\clubsuit		\diamondsuit		\heartsuit
	\spadesuit		\Join		\blacksquare
	\S		\P		\copyright
	\pounds		\overarc{ABC}(it works)		\underarc{XYZ}(it works)

Command Symbols

Some symbols are used in commands so they need to be treated in a special way.

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
	\textdollar		\&		\%		\#
	\_		\{		\}		\backslash

(Warning: Using \$ for will result in . This is a bug as far as we know. Depending on the version of LaTex this is not always a problem.)

European Language Symbols

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
	{\oe}		{\ae}		{\aa}		{\o}
	{\OE}		{\AE}		{\AA}		{\O}
	{\l}		{\ss}		!`
	{\L}		{\SS}

Bracketing Symbols

In mathematics, sometimes we need to enclose expressions in brackets or braces or parentheses. Some of these work just as you'd imagine in LaTeX; type ( and ) for parentheses, [ and ] for brackets, and | and | for absolute value. However, other symbols have special commands:

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
	\{		\}		\|
	\backslash		\lfloor		\rfloor
	\lceil		\rceil		\langle
	\rangle

You might notice that if you use any of these to typeset an expression that is vertically large, like

(\frac{a}{x} )^2

the parentheses don't come out the right size:

If we put \left and \right before the relevant parentheses, we get a prettier expression:

\left(\frac{a}{x} \right)^2

gives

\left and \right can also be used to resize the following symbols:

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
	\uparrow		\downarrow		\updownarrow
	\Uparrow		\Downarrow		\Updownarrow

Multi-Size Symbols

Some symbols render differently in inline math mode and in display mode. Display mode occurs when you use \[...\] or $$...$$, or environments like \begin{equation}...\end{equation}, \begin{align}...\end{align}. Read more in the commands section of the guide about how symbols which take arguments above and below the symbols, such as a summation symbol, behave in the two modes.

In each of the following, the two images show the symbol in display mode, then in inline mode.

Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command	Symbol	Command
	\sum		\int		\oint
	\prod		\coprod		\bigcap
	\bigcup		\bigsqcup		\bigvee
	\bigwedge		\bigodot		\bigotimes
	\bigoplus		\biguplus

Examples

• x^y is the same as x^{y}, producing .
• x_y is the same as x_{y}, producing .
• However, x^10 is not the same as x^{10}. The former produces instead of .

See Also

• Next: Commands
• Previous: Layout

Category: LaTeX